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Clomid (Clomiphene): what is this medication for and is it useful for patients?

Let's sort out who may benefit from the Clomid (Clomiphene) drug and how to take it properly.

Clomid: Useful Overview

Clomiphene is a drug employed for managing and treating anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory infertility to cause ovulation for patients wanting to get pregnant.

Also, individuals who are diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and other reasons for infertility, in particular, post-oral-contraceptive amenorrhea, psychogenic amenorrhea, some cases of secondary amenorrhea, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome may benefit from Clomid (Clomiphene citrate).

This article covers a careful review of Clomid (Clomiphene) including main indications, possible side effects, administration, etc. Before you start taking Clomid or any other medication, it is vital to consult a healthcare professional.

Major Indications

Clomid, also known as clomiphene citrate, is a popular selective estrogen receptor modulator. Clomiphene is a drug that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is intended to treat anovulatory or oligo-ovulatory infertility.

The medication aims to induce ovulation for individuals planning to conceive.

According to https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29794677/, Clomid intake to cause pregnancy resulted in a 6-month live-birth rate of 20% to 40%. Clomiphene may be taken alone or with an adjuvant, in particular, flying needling therapy (acupuncture).

Patients who are diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome and other causes of infertility may get advantage of the Clomid medication. It is worth mentioning that patients indicated for Clomid treatment must not have vaginal bleeding, hepatic impairment, or ovarian cyst.

Clomiphene is likewise employed in an off-label setting by men as a way of treatment of male infertility and secondary hypogonadism. The reason is that Clomid has the ability to increase serum testosterone levels.

Clomid is likewise commonly abused by healthy athletes for performance increase since it raises serum testosterone and gonadotropin levels.

Mechanism of Action

Clomid is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. It selectively interconnects to estrogen receptors in the ovary, cervix, hypothalamus, and endometrium. This leads to the production of estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.

Clomiphene likewise acts as a partial estrogen agonist in the hypothalamus leading to estrogenic negative feedback inhibition. This, in turn, results in increasing gonadotropins.

Clomid enhances the secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone that contributes to increasing the production of serum levels of testosterone. This medication is likewise employed as auxiliary means to relieve pituitary suppression.

Possible Side Effects

As with any drug, Clomid may cause certain side effects. Headache, exacerbation of psychiatric illnesses, testicular tumor, gastrointestinal disturbance, dizziness, gynecomastia, vasomotor flushing, and mastalgia are known as the most common side effects of Clomiphene intake.

Aside from these adverse effects, Clomid may likewise cause other reactions. Some of them are nausea, ovarian enlargement, scintillating scotoma, pelvic pain, vomiting, blurred vision, abnormal uterine bleeding, hypertriglyceridemia, etc.

It is crucial to take Clomiphene under the supervision of a healthcare professional since this medication may cause serious reactions.

They include ovarian hyperstimulation, thrombocytopenia, risk of ovarian cancer after prolonged use, severe visual disturbance, multiple pregnancies, pancreatitis, increased risk of malignant melanoma, hepatic damage, etc.

Contraindications

There are certain contraindications for the use of the Clomid medication.

Some of them are as follows: hypersensitivity to the drug or components of the formulation, breastfeeding, hepatic disease, uncontrolled adrenal dysfunction, organic intracranial lesions, pituitary tumor, endometrial cancer, pregnancy, history of hepatic impairment, abnormal uterine bleeding, uncontrolled thyroid disease, risk of hypertriglyceridemia, etc.

It is recommended to consult a doctor who will determine whether you may take Clomiphene citrate without a problem.

Administration

Clomid is accessible as a 50 mg oral tablet. For ovulation induction, the dosage is 50 mg daily (1 tablet) for five days. The process of treatment should start on day 5 of the menstrual cycle if there is spontaneous or induced bleeding.

In case an individual does not ovulate during the first cycle, the dose may be increased to 100 mg per day (two 50 mg tablets taken as a single daily dose) for five days during the second cycle. Patients may repeat treatment for up to 6 cycles.

For spermatogenesis induction, patients are recommended to take 25 mg daily (half of a tablet) for 25 days, with a break for five days. Alternative administration is a 25 mg oral tablet every other day. A healthcare professional may increase the dose to 50 mg daily for 25 days, with a break for five days.

It is important for patients to be examined between each treatment cycle to exclude ovarian enlargement, ovarian cyst formation, or pregnancy. Also, semen analysis should be carried out at regular intervals to evaluate spermatozoa level and motility.

Summary

Clomid, likewise known by its generic name Сlomiphene citrate, is a drug usually employed in the field of reproductive medicine. This medication is commonly taken to stimulate ovulation in women who have complexities getting pregnant because of ovulatory disorders.

There is a need to highlight that Clomid is a prescription medication. Since this drug is associated with mild and serious side effects, it should be taken under the careful supervision of a reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist.

A healthcare professional will evaluate your concrete situation, carry out appropriate assessments, and determine the most suitable treatment plan for you. 

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